The West African Examinations Council is West Africa's foremost examining board established by law to determine the examinations required in the public interest in the English-speaking West African countries, to conduct such examinations and to award certificates comparable to those of equivalent examining authorities internationally.
: The "4" indicates the overhead position , while the "F" stands for fillet weld . Joint Type : Typically a tee joint or lap joint .
| Defect | Appearance | Root Cause | Solution | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | A groove melted into the vertical plate just above the weld toe. | Welding too hot; pausing too long on the vertical plate; wrong angle. | Reduce amperage. Tighten the weave. Pause less on the vertical side. | | Lack of Fusion | The weld metal doesn't bond to the vertical plate. | Too cold; moving too fast; poor technique. | Increase heat. Slow down. Ensure you are washing the puddle into the vertical plate. | | Convex (Ropy) Weld | The weld bulges outward like a rope. | Travel speed too slow; amperage too low. | Increase amperage or move faster. Pause on the sides to flatten the center. | | Slag Inclusion | Slag trapped inside the weld (SMAW/FCAW). | Not cleaning between passes; weaving too wide; welding over slag. | Grind every pass. Keep weave width under 3x electrode diameter. | | Overlap | Weld metal rolls over the base metal without fusing. | Too cold; improper angle (pointing down instead of into the corner). | Increase heat. Adjust electrode angle to 45° into the corner. | 4f welding position full
: Generally favors the top plate (roughly 60% of the weld metal on the top and 40% on the bottom) to ensure even leg lengths and prevent undercut. : The "4" indicates the overhead position ,