: An Urdu translation of "The Arabian Peninsula," which looks at the geography and social life of the Arab people. Available on Archive.org Tareekh-e-Tabari (Imam al-Tabari)
The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads and moved the capital to Baghdad. This period is considered the Islamic Golden Age. While the empire was multi-ethnic (Persians, Turks, etc.), Arabic remained the language of science and culture. Major achievements: history of arab in urdu pdf
This period is often described in Urdu literature as the "Age of Ignorance." Common practices included tribal feuds, female infanticide, and idol worship. Economic Life: : An Urdu translation of "The Arabian Peninsula,"