: Convert any path to its canonical form to eliminate symbolic links and parent directory references.
Content about managing a project's Root Directory , setting up "root" access on devices, or using ROOT (the C++ data analysis toolkit used at CERN). -include-..-2F..-2F..-2F..-2Froot-2F
| If the attacker appends... | The system might disclose... | |---------------------------|-------------------------------| | -2Fetc-2Fpasswd | /etc/passwd (user list) | | -2Froot-2F.bashrc | Root’s bash configuration | | -2Froot-2F.ssh-2Fid_rsa | Root’s private SSH key (catastrophic) | | -2Fvar-2Flog-2Fapache2-2Faccess.log | Log file (potential for log injection) | : Convert any path to its canonical form
Modern security systems easily detect standard traversal sequences like ../../../../ . To evade detection, attackers use: : / becomes %2F Double URL Encoding : / becomes %252F setting up "root" access on devices
This is a attack with encoding obfuscation.