: When a charge moves, it often distorts the surrounding organic molecule, creating a "polaron"—a combination of the charge and its associated lattice distortion.
: The mechanical flexibility and low-cost solution processability enable applications like OLEDs, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and organic photovoltaics (OPV). 2. Electronic Structure and Optical Properties
Key equations:
: While silicon is doped with impurities like Phosphorus, organic semiconductors are often "electrochemically" or "molecularly" doped to increase the density of charge carriers. Energy Levels
Before diving into the mathematics, one must understand the structural dichotomy. Inorganic semiconductors form covalent networks that are strong and directional. Organic semiconductors, however, are held together by π-conjugated systems .
-Electron Systems: The electrical conductivity originates from alternating single and double bonds. The sp2s p squared hybridized carbon atoms form strong -bonds (the molecular backbone) and weaker