Modern BMWs are highly sensitive to voltage drops. An old battery may not provide the 13.3V to 14.9V required for stable communication between modules.
Reading Protocol... Identifying VIN... Reading Codes... bmw error-d52c44
Although less common, the steering ECU itself may be starting to fail or may have been improperly coded if recently replaced. Bimmerpost Recommended Steps Check Battery & Alternator Output: Modern BMWs are highly sensitive to voltage drops
: Given the complexity of modern vehicles, including BMW models, sometimes it's best to consult a professional mechanic or a BMW specialist. They have the expertise and the right equipment to diagnose and fix the issue. including BMW models